Which of the following typically would qualify as a joint venture?

A joint venture is defined as a business arrangement in which two or more parties collaborate to achieve a specific goal while sharing the risks, costs, and profits. This collaboration is often formalized through a contractual agreement.

In the context of the provided options, none of them meet the criteria of a joint venture.

Participation in a public-entity risk pool typically involves multiple entities coming together to share risks associated with insurance, but this arrangement does not fit the collaborative business goal or the shared profit motive characteristic of a joint venture.

Participation in an external investment pool refers to the pooling of funds by different entities for investment purposes. Although there is a collective management of investments, this does not constitute a joint venture, as the focus is on investment rather than a mutually beneficial business operation.

Participation in a cost-sharing contract involves multiple parties agreeing to share costs related to a particular project or service, but similar to the previous options, it lacks the distinct purpose of a joint venture, which is to co-manage an operational endeavor together with the intent to share profits or losses.

Thus, the characteristics of a joint venture are absent in all the choices provided, leading to the conclusion that none of these arrangements qualify as a joint venture.